概述:
- 算法主要是由头文件
<algorithm> <functional> <numeric>组成
<algorithm>是所有STl头文件中最大的一个,范围涉及到比较、交换、查找、遍历操作、复制、修改等等
<numeric>体积很小,只包括几个在序列上面进行简单数学运算的模板函数
<functional>定义了一些模板类,用以声明函数对象
常用遍历算法
算法简介:
for_each
功能描述:实现遍历容器
函数原型:
1 2 3 4 5
| for_each(iterator beg, iterator end, _func);
|
Demo
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38
| #include<iostream> #include<vector> #include<algorithm> #include<functional> using namespace std;
void print01(int val) { cout << val << " "; }
class print02 { public: void operator()(int val) { cout << val << " "; } }; void test01() { vector<int>v; for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { v.push_back(i); } for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), print01); cout << endl; for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), print02()); cout << endl; } int main() { test01(); system("pause"); return 0; }
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运行结果
1 2
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
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总结:for_each在实际开发中是最常用遍历算法,需要熟练掌握
功能描述:搬运容器到另一个容器中
函数原型:
1 2 3 4 5
| transform(iterator beg1, iterator end1, iterator beg2, _func);
|
Demo
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
| #include<iostream> #include<vector> #include<algorithm> using namespace std;
class Transform { public: int operator()(int v) { return v + 100; } }; class MyPrint { public: void operator()(int val) { cout << val << " "; } }; void test01() { vector<int>v; for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { v.push_back(i); } vector<int>vTarget; vTarget.resize(v.size()); transform(v.begin(), v.end(), vTarget.begin(), Transform()); for_each(vTarget.begin(), vTarget.end(), MyPrint()); cout << endl; } int main() { test01(); system("pause"); return 0; }
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运行结果
1
| 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109
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总结:搬运的目标容器必须要提前开辟空间,否则无法正常搬运
常用查找算法
算法简介:
1 2 3 4 5 6
| find find_if adjacent_find binary_search count count_if
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find
功能描述:查找指定元素,找到返回指定元素的迭代器,找不到返回结束迭代器end()
函数原型:
1 2 3 4 5
| find(iterator beg, iterator end, value);
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Demo
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79
| #include<iostream> #include<vector> #include<algorithm> using namespace std;
void test01() { vector<int>v; for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { v.push_back(i); } vector<int>::iterator it = find(v.begin(), v.end(), 5); if (it == v.end()) { cout << "没有找到!" << endl; } else { cout << "找到:" << *it << endl; } } class Person { public: Person(string name, int age) { this->m_Name = name; this->m_Age = age; } bool operator==(const Person& p) { if (this->m_Name == p.m_Name && this->m_Age == p.m_Age) { return true; } else { return false; } } string m_Name; int m_Age; };
void test02() { vector<Person>v; Person p1("aaa", 10); Person p2("bbb", 20); Person p3("ccc", 30); Person p4("ddd", 40); v.push_back(p1); v.push_back(p2); v.push_back(p3); v.push_back(p4); vector<Person>::iterator it = find(v.begin(), v.end(), p2); if (it == v.end()) { cout << "没有找到!" << endl; } else { cout << "找到元素 姓名:" << it->m_Name << " 年龄:" << it->m_Age << endl; } } int main() { test01(); test02(); system("pause"); return 0; }
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运行结果
总结:利用find可以在容器中找指定的元素,返回值是迭代器
find_if
功能描述:按条件查找元素
函数原型:
1 2 3 4 5
| find_if(iterator beg, iterator end, _Pred);
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Demo
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82
| #include<iostream> #include<vector> #include<algorithm> using namespace std;
class GreaterFive { public: bool operator()(int val) { return val > 5; } }; void test01() { vector<int>v; for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { v.push_back(i); } vector<int>::iterator it = find_if(v.begin(), v.end(), GreaterFive()); if (it == v.end()) { cout << "没有找到!" << endl; } else { cout << "找到大于5的数字为:" << *it << endl; } }
class Person { public: Person(string name, int age) { this->m_Name = name; this->m_Age = age; } string m_Name; int m_Age; }; class Greater20 { public: bool operator()(Person& p) { return p.m_Age > 20; } }; void test02() { vector<Person>v; Person p1("aaa", 10); Person p2("bbb", 20); Person p3("ccc", 30); Person p4("ddd", 40); v.push_back(p1); v.push_back(p2); v.push_back(p3); v.push_back(p4); vector<Person>::iterator it = find_if(v.begin(), v.end(), Greater20()); if (it == v.end()) { cout << "没有找到!" << endl; } else { cout << "找到姓名:" << it->m_Name << " 年龄:" << it->m_Age << endl; } } int main() { test01(); test02(); system("pause"); return 0; }
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运行结果
1 2
| 找到大于5的数字为:6 找到姓名:ccc 年龄:30
|
adjacent_find
功能描述:查找相邻重复元素
函数原型:
1 2 3 4
| adjacent_find(iterator beg, iterator end);
|
Demo
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
| #include<iostream> #include<vector> #include<algorithm> using namespace std;
void test01() { vector<int>v; v.push_back(0); v.push_back(2); v.push_back(0); v.push_back(3); v.push_back(1); v.push_back(4); v.push_back(3); v.push_back(3); vector<int>::iterator pos = adjacent_find(v.begin(), v.end()); if (pos == v.end()) { cout << "未找到相邻重复元素" << endl; } else { cout << "找到相邻重复元素:" << *pos << endl; } } int main() { test01(); system("pause"); return 0; }
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运行结果
binary_search
功能描述:查找指定元素是否存在
函数原型:
1 2 3 4 5 6
| bool binary_search(iterator beg, iterator end, value);
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Demo
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
| #include<iostream> #include<vector> #include<algorithm> using namespace std;
void test01() { vector<int>v; for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { v.push_back(i); } bool ret = binary_search(v.begin(), v.end(), 9); if (ret) { cout << "找到了元素" << endl; } else { cout << "未找到" << endl; } } int main() { test01(); system("pause"); return 0; }
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运行结果
总结:二分查找法查找效率很高,值得注意的是查找的容器中元素必须是有序序列
count
功能描述:统计元素个数
函数原型:
1 2 3 4 5
| count(iterator beg, iterator end, value);
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Demo
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66
| #include<iostream> #include<vector> #include<algorithm> using namespace std;
void test01() { vector<int>v; v.push_back(10); v.push_back(40); v.push_back(30); v.push_back(40); v.push_back(20); v.push_back(40); int num = count(v.begin(), v.end(), 40); cout << "40的元素个数为:" << num << endl; }
class Person { public: Person(string name, int age) { this->m_Name = name; this->m_Age = age; } bool operator==(const Person& p) { if (this->m_Age == p.m_Age) { return true; } else { return false; } } string m_Name; int m_Age; }; void test02() { vector<Person>v; Person p1("刘备", 35); Person p2("关羽", 35); Person p3("张飞", 35); Person p4("赵云", 30); Person p5("曹操", 40); v.push_back(p1); v.push_back(p2); v.push_back(p3); v.push_back(p4); v.push_back(p5); Person p("诸葛亮", 35); int num = count(v.begin(), v.end(), p); cout << "和诸葛亮同岁数的人员个数为:" << num << endl; } int main() { test01(); test02(); system("pause"); return 0; }
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运行结果
1 2
| 40的元素个数为:3 和诸葛亮同岁数的人员个数为:3
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总结:统计自定义数据类型时候,需要配合重载operator==
count_if
功能描述:按条件统计元素个数
函数原型:
1 2 3 4 5
| count_if(iterator beg, iterator end, _Pred);
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Demo
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81
| #include<iostream> #include<vector> #include<algorithm> using namespace std;
class Greater20 { public: bool operator()(int val) { return val > 20; } }; void test01() { vector<int>v; v.push_back(10); v.push_back(40); v.push_back(30); v.push_back(40); v.push_back(40); v.push_back(20); int num = count_if(v.begin(), v.end(), Greater20()); cout << "大于20的元素个数为:" << num << endl; } class Person { public: Person(string name, int age) { this->m_Name = name; this->m_Age = age; } bool operator==(const Person& p) { if (this->m_Age == p.m_Age) { return true; } else { return false; } } string m_Name; int m_Age; }; class AgeGreater20 { public: bool operator()(const Person& p) { return p.m_Age > 20; } };
void test02() { vector<Person>v; Person p1("刘备", 35); Person p2("关羽", 35); Person p3("张飞", 35); Person p4("赵云", 40); Person p5("曹操", 20); v.push_back(p1); v.push_back(p2); v.push_back(p3); v.push_back(p4); v.push_back(p5); int num = count_if(v.begin(), v.end(), AgeGreater20()); cout << "大于20岁的人员个数为:" << num << endl; } int main() { test01(); test02(); system("pause"); return 0; }
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运行结果
1 2
| 大于20的元素个数为:4 大于20岁的人员个数为:4
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常用排序算法
算法简介:
1 2 3 4
| sort random_shuffle merge reverse
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sort
功能描述:对容器内元素进行排序
函数原型:
1 2 3 4 5
| sort(iterator beg, iterator end, _Pred);
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Demo
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
| #include<iostream> #include<algorithm> #include<vector> #include<functional> using namespace std;
void myPrint(int val) { cout << val << " "; } void test01() { vector<int>v; v.push_back(10); v.push_back(30); v.push_back(50); v.push_back(20); v.push_back(40); sort(v.begin(), v.end()); for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), myPrint); cout << endl; sort(v.begin(), v.end(), greater<int>()); for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), myPrint); cout << endl; } int main() { test01(); system("pause"); return 0; }
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运行结果
1 2
| 10 20 30 40 50 50 40 30 20 10
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总结:sort属于开发中最常用的算法之一,需熟练掌握
random_shuffle
功能描述:洗牌 指定范围内的元素随机调整次序
函数原型:
1 2 3 4
| random_shuffle(iterator beg, iterator end);
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Demo
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
| #include<iostream> #include<algorithm> #include<vector> #include<ctime> using namespace std;
void myPrint(int val) { cout << val << " "; } void test01() { srand((unsigned int)time(NULL)); vector<int>v; for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { v.push_back(i); } random_shuffle(v.begin(), v.end()); for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), myPrint); cout << endl; } int main() { test01(); system("pause"); return 0; }
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运行结果
总结:random_shuffle洗牌算法比较实用,使用时记得加随机数种子
merge
功能描述:两个容器元素合并,并存储到另一容器中
函数原型:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
| merge(iterator beg1, iterator end1, iterator beg2, iterator end2, iterator dest);
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Demo
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
| #include<iostream> #include<algorithm> #include<vector> using namespace std;
class myPrint { public: void operator()(int val) { cout << val << " "; } }; void test01() { vector<int>v1; vector<int>v2; for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { v1.push_back(i); v2.push_back(i + 1); } vector<int>vTarget; vTarget.resize(v1.size() + v2.size()); merge(v1.begin(), v1.end(), v2.begin(), v2.end(), vTarget.begin()); for_each(vTarget.begin(), vTarget.end(), myPrint()); cout << endl; } int main() { test01(); system("pause"); return 0; }
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运行结果
1
| 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10
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总结:merge合并的两个容器必须是有序序列
reverse
功能描述:将容器内元素进行反转
函数原型:
1 2 3 4
| reverse(iterator beg, iterator end);
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Demo
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
| #include<iostream> #include<algorithm> #include<vector> using namespace std;
void myPrint(int val) { cout << val << " "; } void test01() { vector<int>v; v.push_back(10); v.push_back(30); v.push_back(50); v.push_back(20); v.push_back(40); cout << "反转前:" << endl; for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), myPrint); cout << endl; cout << "反转后:" << endl; reverse(v.begin(), v.end()); for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), myPrint); cout << endl; } int main() { test01(); system("pause"); return 0; }
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运行结果
1 2 3 4
| 反转前: 10 30 50 20 40 反转后: 40 20 50 30 10
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总结:reverse反转区间内元素
常用拷贝和替换算法
算法简介:
1 2 3 4
| copy replace replace_if swap
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copy
功能描述:容器内指定范围的元素拷贝到另一容器中
函数原型:
1 2 3 4 5
| copy(iterator beg, iterator end, iterator dest);
|
Demo
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
| #include<iostream> #include<algorithm> #include<vector> using namespace std;
void myPrint(int val) { cout << val << " "; } void test01() { vector<int>v1; for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { v1.push_back(i); } vector<int>v2; v2.resize(v1.size()); copy(v1.begin(), v1.end(), v2.begin()); for_each(v2.begin(), v2.end(), myPrint); cout << endl; } int main() { test01(); system("pause"); return 0; }
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运行结果
总结:利用copy算法在拷贝时,目标容器记得提前开辟空间
replace
功能描述:将容器内指定范围的旧元素修改为新元素
函数原型:
1 2 3 4 5 6
| replace(iterator beg, iterator end, oldvalue, newvalue);
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Demo
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
| #include<iostream> #include<algorithm> #include<vector> using namespace std;
class MyPrint { public: void operator()(int val) { cout << val << " "; } }; void test01() { vector<int>v; v.push_back(20); v.push_back(30); v.push_back(50); v.push_back(30); v.push_back(40); v.push_back(20); v.push_back(10); v.push_back(20); cout << "替换前:" << endl; for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), MyPrint()); cout << endl; replace(v.begin(), v.end(), 20, 2000); cout << "替换后:" << endl; for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), MyPrint()); cout << endl; } int main() { test01(); system("pause"); return 0; }
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运行结果
1 2 3 4
| 替换前: 20 30 50 30 40 20 10 20 替换后: 2000 30 50 30 40 2000 10 2000
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总结:replace会替换区间内满足条件的元素
replace_if
功能描述:将区间内满足条件的元素,替换成指定元素
函数原型:
1 2 3 4 5 6
| replace_if(iterator beg, iterator end, _pred, newvalue);
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Demo
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47
| #include<iostream> #include<algorithm> #include<vector> using namespace std;
class MyPrint { public: void operator()(int val) { cout << val << " "; } }; class Greater30 { public: bool operator()(int val) { return val >= 30; } }; void test01() { vector<int>v; v.push_back(10); v.push_back(40); v.push_back(20); v.push_back(40); v.push_back(30); v.push_back(50); v.push_back(20); v.push_back(30); cout << "替换前:" << endl; for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), MyPrint()); cout << endl; replace_if(v.begin(), v.end(), Greater30(), 3000); cout << "替换后:" << endl; for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), MyPrint()); cout << endl; } int main() { test01(); system("pause"); return 0; }
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运行结果
1 2 3 4
| 替换前: 10 40 20 40 30 50 20 30 替换后: 10 3000 20 3000 3000 3000 20 3000
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总结:replace_if按条件查找,可以利用仿函数灵活筛选满足的条件
swap
功能描述:互换两个容器的元素
函数原型:
1 2 3 4
| swap(container c1, container c2);
|
Demo
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
| #include<iostream> #include<algorithm> #include<vector> using namespace std;
void myPrint(int val) { cout << val << " "; } void test01() { vector<int>v1; vector<int>v2; for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { v1.push_back(i); v2.push_back(i + 100); } cout << "交换前:" << endl; for_each(v1.begin(), v1.end(), myPrint); cout << endl; for_each(v2.begin(), v2.end(), myPrint); cout << endl; cout << "--------------------" << endl; cout << "交换后:" << endl; swap(v1, v2); for_each(v1.begin(), v1.end(), myPrint); cout << endl; for_each(v2.begin(), v2.end(), myPrint); cout << endl; } int main() { test01(); system("pause"); return 0; }
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运行结果
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
| 交换前: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 -------------------- 交换后: 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
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总结:swap交换容器时,注意交换的容器要同种类型
常用算术生成算法
注意:算术生成算法属于小型算法,使用时包含的头文件为#include<numeric>
算法简介:
accumulate
功能描述:计算区间内容器元素累计总和
函数原型:
1 2 3 4 5
| accumulate(iterator beg, iterator end, value);
|
Demo
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
| #include<iostream> #include<numeric> #include<vector> using namespace std;
void test01() { vector<int>v; for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { v.push_back(i); } int total = accumulate(v.begin(), v.end(), 0); cout << "total = " << total << endl; } int main() { test01(); system("pause"); return 0; }
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运行结果
总结:accumulate使用时头文件注意是numeric,这个算法很实用
fill
功能描述:向容器中填充指定的元素
函数原型:
1 2 3 4 5
| fill(iterator beg, iterator end, value);
|
Demo
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
| #include<iostream> #include<numeric> #include<algorithm> #include<vector> using namespace std;
void myPrint(int val) { cout << val << " "; } void test01() { vector<int>v; v.resize(10); fill(v.begin(), v.end(), 100); for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), myPrint); cout << endl; } int main() { test01(); system("pause"); return 0; }
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运行结果
1
| 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
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总结:利用fill可以将容器区间内元素填充为指定的值
常用集合算法
算法简介:
1 2 3
| set_intersection set_union set_difference
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set_intersection
功能描述:求两个容器的交集
函数原型:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
| set_intersection(iterator beg1, iterator end1, iterator beg2, iterator end2, iterator dest);
|
Demo
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
| #include<iostream> #include<algorithm> #include<vector> using namespace std;
void myPrint(int val) { cout << val << " "; } void test01() { vector<int>v1; vector<int>v2; for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { v1.push_back(i); v2.push_back(i + 5); } vector<int>vTarget; vTarget.resize(min(v1.size(), v2.size())); vector<int>::iterator itEnd = set_intersection(v1.begin(), v1.end(), v2.begin(), v2.end(), vTarget.begin()); for_each(vTarget.begin(), itEnd, myPrint); cout << endl; } int main() { test01(); system("pause"); return 0; }
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运行结果
总结:
- 求交集的两个集合必须为有序序列
- 目标容器开辟空间需要从两个容器中取最小值
- set_intersection返回值即是交集中最后一个元素的位置
set_union
功能描述:求两个集合的并集
函数原型:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
| set_union(iterator beg1, iterator end1, iterator beg2, iterator end2, iterator dest);
|
Demo
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
| #include<iostream> #include<algorithm> #include<vector> using namespace std;
void myPrint(int val) { cout << val << " "; } void test01() { vector<int>v1; vector<int>v2; for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { v1.push_back(i); v2.push_back(i + 5); } vector<int>vTarget; vTarget.resize(v1.size() + v2.size()); vector<int>::iterator itEnd = set_union(v1.begin(), v1.end(), v2.begin(), v2.end(), vTarget.begin()); for_each(vTarget.begin(), itEnd, myPrint); cout << endl; } int main() { test01(); system("pause"); return 0; }
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运行结果
1
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
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总结:
- 求交集的两个集合必须为有序序列
- 目标容器开辟空间需要两个容器相加
- set_union返回值即是并集中最后一个元素的位置
set_difference
功能描述:求两个集合的差集
函数原型:
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| set_difference(iterator beg1, iterator end1, iterator beg2, iterator end2, iterator dest);
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Demo
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| #include<iostream> #include<algorithm> #include<vector> using namespace std;
void myPrint(int val) { cout << val << " "; } void test01() { vector<int>v1; vector<int>v2; for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { v1.push_back(i); v2.push_back(i + 5); } vector<int>vTarget; vTarget.resize(max(v1.size(), v2.size())); cout << "v1和v2的差集为:" << endl; vector<int>::iterator itEnd = set_difference(v1.begin(), v1.end(), v2.begin(), v2.end(), vTarget.begin()); for_each(vTarget.begin(), itEnd, myPrint); cout << endl; cout << "v2和v1的差集为:" << endl; itEnd = set_difference(v2.begin(), v2.end(), v1.begin(), v1.end(), vTarget.begin()); for_each(vTarget.begin(), itEnd, myPrint); cout << endl; } int main() { test01(); system("pause"); return 0; }
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运行结果
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| v1和v2的差集为: 0 1 2 3 4 v2和v1的差集为: 10 11 12 13 14
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总结:
- 求差集的两个集合必须为有序序列
- 目标容器开辟空间需要从两个容器取较大值